It can be broken down into a very small number of fundamental components. In cycling, we really don’t need to think further than aerobic capacity (VO2max), glycolytic capacity (VLAMax), and aerodynamics. Functional Threshold Power (FTP, or the anaerobic threshold) is important, but it is to a very large extent determined by the combination of VO2max and VLaMax, so if we want to improve FTP, what we really want to be doing is improve VO2max or VLaMax. Only when we understand our own physiology and metabolic profile, can we really plan our training the most effectively.